PET scans, or positron emission tomography scans, are a type of nuclear medicine imaging that uses a radioactive tracer to detect metabolic activity in the body. This information can be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders. PET Scan.
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PET scans work by injecting a radioactive tracer, such as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), into the bloodstream. FDG is a sugar molecule that is taken up by cells that are using a lot of energy, such as cancer cells. Once FDG is inside a cell, it breaks down and releases positrons, which are positively charged particles. The positrons travel a short distance before they annihilate with electrons, which releases two gamma rays. These gamma rays are detected by the PET scanner and used to create an image of the body’s metabolic activity.
What PET Scans Can Detect
PET scans can detect a variety of diseases, including:
- Cancer: PET scans are particularly useful for detecting cancer because cancer cells typically have higher metabolic activity than normal cells.
- Heart disease: PET scans can be used to assess the heart’s function and to detect areas of damaged heart tissue.
- Brain disorders: PET scans can be used to assess brain function and to detect abnormalities in the brain, such as tumors and strokes.
Preparing for a PET Scan
There are a few things you can do to prepare for a PET scan:
- Tell your doctor about all of your medications, including over-the-counter medications and supplements.
- You may be asked to fast for several hours before the scan.
- If you are breastfeeding, you will need to pump and discard your breast milk for 24 hours after the scan.
What to Expect During a PET Scan
A PET scan is typically painless and non-invasive. You will be asked to lie on a table that is attached to the PET scanner. The radioactive tracer will be injected into your bloodstream, and you will be asked to lie still for about 30 minutes while the scan is being performed.
The Benefits of PET Scans
PET scans offer several benefits, including:
- They are very sensitive and can detect small areas of abnormal metabolic activity.
- They can provide information about the function of organs and tissues, not just their structure.
- They can be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of diseases.
The Risks of PET Scans
PET scans are generally safe, but there are a few potential risks, including:
- Exposure to radiation: PET scans involve exposure to a small amount of radiation. However, the risk of developing cancer from a PET scan is very low.
- Allergic reaction: Some people may experience an allergic reaction to the radioactive tracer.
Conclusion
PET scans are a powerful tool that can be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of diseases. They are a valuable asset in the fight against cancer and other diseases.
